The fundamental U.S. legal, policy, and regulatory framework restricting foreign access to U.S. technology, an area that implicates commercial, trade, and national security laws and policies. Restriction on foreign investment in the United States and access to U.S. technological and other assets, including the respective roles and powers of the Executive and Legislative branches of the federal government; related commercial, legal and policy issues surrounding critical technologies; and, how foreign access to U.S. technology straddles commercial, trade and national security law and policy. Increased United States restriction of foreign access to U.S. technology, such as through Defense Production Act amendments and expanded authority of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States to review foreign investment involving technology and personal data, targeted export controls and sanctions enforcement, criminal prosecutions, and curbs on foreign participation in U.S. academic and research settings. (Take-home examination)